New world order refers to a new period of history, evidencing dramatic change in world political thought and the balance of power in international relations. The new world order is precisely an international, unrelenting pressure and intimidation by the most powerful capitalist states against the weakest. The emerging order will be shaped by a contested system of spheres of influence, geopolitical tensions, and the normative elements of global order. The shift of power away from the West is often seen as a key element of the crisis of the liberal international order. The recent politicization of the global economy and the emerging 'tech war' suggest this process of adaptation will be enormously difficult. Catastrophic conflicts, climate change, staggering human rights losses, and a complex of obstacles demand urgent action.

The world finds itself grappling with a multitude of crises that will test global cooperation: coping with the fallout of ongoing wars, climate change, systemic inequalities, changes in leadership elsewhere, especially in the U.S., and tackling the need for UN reform. The global liberal order is in an advanced state of meltdown, the world rapidly shifts from a unipolar to a multipolar reality, and the international system itself is exposed to profound instability. It seems that the world leaders are not capable of fully understanding in real time, and the question is whether they can muster the collective action to set new rules on the road. The situation is extreme, and the potential for a major collapse is real.

The old global liberal order was purposefully designed by the US and its western allies to prevent armed conflicts and the economic nationalism that gave rise to it... (But they set the rules, and they themselves broke the rules many times.). The old global liberal order, since 1945, is composed of the United Nations, the International Monetary Fund, the World Bank, the World Trade Organization, the G20, and many treaties and agreements. The spectacular rise of China over the past two decades and the relative decline of the US, the dim awareness of most westerners, and the catastrophic miscalculations (including US trade actions against China) are rising with devastating effects on the global economy.

China is in the process of surpassing the US economically, militarily, and technologically, and it is set to become a global green powerhouse. It is also setting the global pace on the digital economy (e-commerce delivery is currently the fastest in the world). The world's global and national institutions are increasingly incapable of managing stresses to the system. Democracies lack the incentive systems to address higher-order imperatives. Changes need to be made to the international economic order. Faced with threats ranging from climate change to massive technological advancements, the world is in desperate need of stable and able global governance. The current transformations are increasingly exponential, non-linear processes that are hard for humans to grasp.

If we are to survive the global geopolitical transition, we must accept that the era of US hegemony is over. The world is shifting to a new multi-polar order with the US and China at its center. In this changed context, we need stable institutions and rules to be more inclusive, representative, and legitimate. As a global hegemonic power, the 'liberal international order' has defined the US's place in the world for 70 years. U.S. former Secretary of State Henry Kissinger stated in 1994 that the new world order cannot happen without US participation. There will be a New World Order, and it will force the United States to change its perceptions. Today, on the international scene, new forces are rising, such as China and a new wave of populist politics within democracies. After a 70-year run, the global liberal order is under threat.

The future of liberal democracy, open markets, and common security pacts hangs in the balance. The order that has governed the global economy has been eroded. Hipper globalization, which was one of the key drivers of the expansion of the liberal international order, has also resulted in backlash as it has fueled inequalities and facilitated the rise of China. The liberal international order (LIO) has been a bedrock of EU foreign policy. Of particular importance to the EU are those features of the LIO associated with common institutions and multilateralism, things that the EU must defend even where or when the hegemon (the US) is reluctant to do so. The affirming support for a rule-based order, free trade, effective multilateralism, and liberal values has remained a central pillar of EU foreign policy.

The European Union has the ambition to be an important factor in global order, promoting an international system based on stronger multilateral cooperation and good global governance. The EU continued to see itself as the main champion of the LIO, especially as new challenges emerged with the rise of China, a more assertive Russia, and the US's lack of commitment to multilateralism and liberal democracy under President Donald Trump. At the time, the U.S. withdrew from several international agreements and institutions such as the Iran Nuclear Deal, the Paris Agreement, and the UN Human Rights Council.

EU external action has become more inward-focused and geopolitically driven, putting into question some of the key foundations of the LIO. The danger is that by turning from a transformative to a defensive form of resilience, the EU might also be contributing to the decline of the LIO. The EU needs to strengthen its own sovereignty and strategic autonomy. This emphasizes defense infrastructure building and the control of external risks. The incapacity to promote liberal norms at the global level led to 'the end of the Western century.'

Most liberal scholars accused the US—and its unilateral interventions—of the crises of liberal internationalism and demanded a shift in strategy to expand liberalism, then the push of power. The liberal international order has been predominant, often controversial, since 1945 and is being challenged as never before. And this reflects factors such as the rise of China, the ambitions of many countries in the Global South that associate the US-led liberal international order with deep hypocrisy, inequality with liberal democracies that has given rise to populism, Russian revanchism, and above all the US's nationalist outlook and disruptive foreign policy since the return of President Trump to the White House. The US is changing its role and ambitions as a global power.

States are positioning themselves in this more fractured world, and some are seeking to disrupt or even undermine the existing order. And some adversaries of the US seek to exploit the US's declining global power. Or to promote alternative visions. The rising and middle powers, from Brazil to India to Saudi Arabia, are pursuing visions of international order that include strategies of non-alignment and cooperation with the current order. Europe's foreign policy elites have been transfixed by the US's abandonment of its commitments to sovereignty, multilateralism, and the defense of Ukraine.

China is becoming a revolutionary power that is seeking to remove global norms and institutions. So, the era of Western political and economic domination is coming to an end, and the future of the world will be multipolar. The new multilateral world order refers to the emergence of new forms of cooperation and dialogue among different countries and regions in the 21st century. Dramatic changes have taken place in the world; new attractive and sizeable 'emerging markets' (already a lot) have developed among developing countries as a result of their economic success, and the number of 'emerging powers' (Brazil, China, India, Mexico, and South Africa) has increased. They are achieving new levels of global power; international finance, business, and other non-state actors have become more influential in global economic and political affairs.

Who controls the economy of the world? Big banks and large corporations control and essentially fund governments. The global economy is dominated by large financial institutions, and central banks conduct monetary policy by adjusting the supply of money through buying or selling securities in the open market. The control of the world's economy is a complex interplay of various actors. Large corporations operate across borders and wield significant roles and influence due to their economic power in shaping global economic policies. Companies in sectors like technology, finance, and energy often have more resources than many countries. Technology has developed the modern global economy.

A key concept of the strategy of the digital age is the notion of 'control points'—strategic positions within a digital business ecosystem that allow companies to exert influence, manage dependencies, and capture value. Control points in the digital age can be technical or strategic orchestration of actors and customer access. International financial institutions (the IMF and the World Bank) influence economic policies globally through loans and financial assistance. Many developing nations rely on loans from the IMF and World Bank. The conditions attached to these loans often require austerity measures that can hinder social and economic development. The 1% of humanity who control half of all wealth on the planet are bankers or media owners.

According to the IMF, China will be the top contributor to global growth over the next few years, with its share set to be double that of the US, and is expected to represent almost 22.6% of total world growth through 2028. India follows at 12.9%, while the US will contribute 11.3%, according to Bloomberg calculations using data the fund released in its World Economic Outlook. China surpassed the U.S. in economic terms and is taking the lead on everything, from climate change to the digital economy. China invested $44 billion in overseas clean energy projects last year.

At the 20th Annual meeting of the Valdai Discussion Club last October, President Putin, in his speech, elucidated principles that would govern international relations and shape global dynamics in a new era. The principles meet the aspirations of the global majority for structural change that provides fair and equal opportunities for all, without domination or exclusion. And he emphasized that it is not possible for a country or even a group of countries to be secure while others are threatened, and it is time to lead the world toward peace, stability, and prosperity for all.

The absence of justice and constructive dialogue, double standards, the West's exploitation of other nations' wealth, and its political and cultural hegemony led to conflicts that exhausted the entire world.

Historically, the turning points in the world order have always been associated with major economic transformations. The economy is the driving force of change. The rise and fall of great powers were primarily linked to the state of their economies. Washington has tightened its control over the global economy through its selfish hegemony and has controlled the global economy for almost eight decades and harnessed it to serve its interests exclusively. (And just now the same thing is happening with Trump's ambitions about Canada, Greenland, and Panama.)

The absolute dominance of the US dollar over all commercial transactions, the SWIFT system for financial transfers, and the institutions of the IMF and World Bank. China and Russia are driving structural changes in the international economic system bilaterally and through the BRICS Group, and by the de-dollarization and complete abandonment of the US dollar in trade and commercial transactions.

Also developing alternative financial transfer systems to SWIFT, including Russian SPFS, Chinese CIPS, the Indian SFMS, and the Brazilian PIX, and establishing alternative institutions to the IMF and World Bank as well. The Global South has to join efforts and participate effectively to empower the procedures as the global stream ends the US monopoly. Concluding free trade agreements with African countries is important for the economic integration of the global majority into the new world order.

Respecting the diversity and cultural specificity of all nations is a basic foundation of the new world. To

Develop a social backing that supports developments and neutralizes the West's efforts to continue its dominance over minds. Media and digital means of communication shape global public opinion and create a supportive societal environment for the changes taking place in the world order.

For example, this influence emerged during the Gaza crisis, as new media (TikTok, YouTube).

Facebook and Telegram have enlightened public opinion in some Western countries towards supporting Palestinian rights. It is important to activate all media platforms within such a context.

Political and security pillar—in this context, it is necessary to activate international and regional cooperation frameworks that express the collective will and coordinate among them. Networking of all the organizations would help avoid wars and conflicts and enable countering the US attempts to destabilize security and stability. The international community should remain focused on collective action for a sustainable and peaceful future. The UN must remain an important global forum that expresses the collective will, especially at the General Assembly level, and the strong participation of the Global South is inevitable and a duty at a critical moment in human history, despite the Western obstruction of the UN role in many international issues (Gaza, Ukraine wars).

Global anxiety has gripped even young generations on many fronts...geopolitically, politically, economically, and socially. The new world should be based on dignity for all and mutual respect of interests, cultures, and security. Reaching such a world is a collective responsibility. Humanity will have rather good chances to use globalization to create the foundations of the new world order.

Let's ease human suffering and make progress toward a peaceful future for all people.